Just before the deposition with the Er:Al2O3 Lively material, the coupling circuit, i.e., the strip waveguides, the mode transition tapers as well as manner converters had been protected with a 800?nm thick layer of hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ, n?~1.45) to avoid their coating with the active content, as demonstrated in Fig. one. The HSQ cladding … Read More